KIHON - THE BASICS
The first and most fundamental element of traditional karate is kihon, or 'basic techniques'. Before progressing into the later stages of training, one must build their basics. Perfecting one's kihon improves the effectiveness of techniques in kata and kumite later on.

Aside from developing the standard movements of punching, blocking, kicking, and striking, kihon also strives to work on subtler aspects of karate. Stance, posture, and balance will assure a stable foundation. Proper breathing will help with one's relaxation and zanshin.

With diligent and regular training, karate techniques require less superfluous movement and produce greater power.

KATA - FORM
Katas are choreographed 'forms' that represent the artistic nature of martial arts. Designed to defend against opponents from multiple directions, katas are highly structured and organised. They are made up of certain unique combinations that are to be used in rare circumstances.

Each kata has its own traditional and deep physical meaning. The individual basic 'heian' katas have a specific rank assigned to them. All katas start and finish at their respected starting point.

KUMITE - SPARRING
Whenever two students are engaged in combat, whether simulated or otherwise, it is called kumite. For most karatekas, it is strictly forbidden to literally strike your partner. However, for the much higher belts engaged in 'free sparring', a certain amount of contact may be allowed.

'Kihon' kumite is performed in the basic stances, and must respect a set timing.
'Jiyu' kumite is performed in the free-style stance, and has more flexible rules. In such sparring, students slide forward or backwards and may move to the sides.